Embedded Linux System Kernel Considerations嵌入式Linux系統內核的考慮
The kernel is the most fundamental software component of all Linux systems.內核是最根本的軟件組件的所有Linux系統。 It is responsible for managing the bare hardware within your chosen target system and bringing order to what would otherwise be a chaotic struggle between each of the many various software components on a typical system.這是負責管理範圍內裸露的硬件您所選擇的指標體系，並將以本來是一個混沌之間鬥爭的許多不同的軟件組件的一個典型的制度。
In essence, this means the kernel is a resource broker.從本質上講，這意味著內核是一個資源的中間人。 It takes care of scheduling use of (and mediating access to) the available hardware resources within a particular Linux system.它照顧調度使用（和調解獲得）現有的硬件資源，在一個特定的Linux系統。 Resources managed by the kernel include system processor time given to programs, use of available RAM, and indirect access to a multitude of hardware devices— including those customs to your chosen target.資源管理的核心包括系統處理器時間考慮計劃，利用現有的內存，和間接的接觸眾多的硬件設備，包括海關，以您所選擇的目標。 The kernel provides a variety of software abstractions through which application programs can request access to system resources, without communicating with the hardware directly.內核提供了多種軟件的抽象通過應用程序可以請求存取系統資源，而溝通與硬件直接聯繫。
The precise capabilities provided by any particular build of the Linux kernel are configurable when that kernel is built.確切的能力，所提供的任何特定版本的Linux內核是可配置時，內核的基礎。 Kernel configuration allows you to remove support for unnecessary or obscure capabilities that will never be used.內核配置可以讓你刪除不必要的支持或掩蓋能力，將永遠不會被使用。 For example, it is possible to remove support for the many different networked filesystems from an embedded device that has no networking support.例如，它有可能刪除支持許多不同的網絡文件從一個嵌入式設備，沒有網絡支持。 Conversely, it is possible to add support for a particular peripheral device unique to a chosen target system.相反，它是有可能的新增支持某一特定外設獨特的選擇指標體系。 Depending on their function, many capabilities can also be built into optional, runtime-loadable, modular components.根據其功能，許多功能還可以建成可選的，運行時，加載，模塊化組件。 These can be loaded later when the particular capability is required.這些可以被裝載後的特殊能力是必要的。
Most desktop or enterprise Linux vendors ship prebuilt Linux kernels as part of their distributions.大多數台式機或企業Linux廠商船舶預置Linux內核的一部分，他們的分佈情況。 Such kernels include support for the wide range of generic hardware devices typically available within modern consumer-grade or enterprise-level computing systems.這些內核包括支持廣泛的通用硬件設備通常可在現代消費級或企業級的計算系統。 Many of these capabilities are built into runtime-loadable modules, which are demand loaded by a variety of automated tools as hardware devices are detected.許多這些功能都內建運行時，加載模塊，這是載入的需求的各種自動化的工具為硬件設備的檢測。 This one-size-fits-all approach allows Linux vendors to support a wide range of target systems with a single prebuilt binary kernel package, at the cost of a certain amount of generalization and the occasional performance impact that goes alongside it.這一刀切的辦法讓Linux廠商，以支持一系列廣泛的目標系統，預置一個單一的二進制內核軟件包，在成本的一定數額的概括和不定期性能的影響，不用旁邊。
Unlike their desktop, server, or enterprise counterparts, embedded Linux systems usually do not make use of such all-encompassing prebuilt, vendor-supplied kernels.不同的是台式機，服務器，或企業對口，嵌入式Linux系統通常不使用這種無所不包的預置，供應商提供的內核。 The reasons for this are varied, but include an inability for generic kernels to handle certain embedded, target-specific customizations, as well as a general underlying desire to keep the kernel configuration as simple as possible.其中的原因是多種多樣的，但不能包括通用內核來處理某些嵌入式，有具體目標的自定義，以及作為一般的基本願望保持核心配置盡可能簡單。 A simpler configuration is both easier to debug and typically requires a reduced resource footprint when compared with its more generic counterpart.更簡單的配置既便於調試和通常需要減少資源的佔用相比，它更通用的對應。 Building an embedded system from scratch is tough enough already without worrying about the many kernel capabilities you will never use.建立一個嵌入式系統從無到有是艱難的已經足夠，而不必擔心的許多核心功能您將永遠使用。
Source of Information : OReilly Building Embedded Linux Systems 信息來源： OReilly建設嵌入式Linux系統
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