Encender y parar una computadora es un proceso simple. Sin embargo, hay buenas maneras de hacer tan y malas maneras, también.


Booting
Pateando una computadora refiere al proceso de comenzarlo dando vuelta en la energía. La reanudación significa recomenzar la computadora diciendo el sistema operativo a primer para agraciado, y después se recomienza. Generalmente, usted no debe reanudar una computadora dando vuelta a la energía apagado y después encendido.


El elegir de las opciones que paran su computadora
Viene una época en que todas las buenas cosas deben acabar - aunque para un a corto plazo. Cuando usted para el usar de su computadora, Ubuntu proporciona varias opciones a la energía de ahorro y protege sus datos. ¿Para tener acceso a estas opciones, elija el sistema? Parado de la barra de menú del GNOMO. O usted puede chascar simplemente el botón parado rojo en la esquina upper-right de la pantalla.

Cualquier manera, el diálogo parado se abre, con estas opciones:

• Cerrado: Termina agraciado toda la actividad y da vuelta a la energía apagado.

• Su tablero del escritorio gráfico desaparece, y Ubuntu enumera los sistemas que está cerrando. Después de que Ubuntu acabe el cerrar de sus sistemas, le incitan presionar la llave de insertar…

Ubuntu proporciona un interfaz gráfico de gran alcance y útil. Usted puede realizar cada tipo de tarea, tal como archivos que encuentran y que se abren y setting-up interfaces de la red, usando los gráficos de Ubuntu. Sin embargo, Linux también proporciona un interfaz no gráfico y muy de gran alcance donde usted mecanografía comandos en el teclado en vez de chascar un ratón. El Microsoft Windows, de hecho, está intentando muy difícilmente coger para arriba con Linux y proporcionar comandos no gráficos.

Las computadoras de Linux hacen el uso extenso de cáscaras. Las cáscaras son los programas que proporcionan interfaces utilizador basados texto al sistema operativo de Linux. Al trabajar en una cáscara, el usuario entra un comando más discusiones opcionales, y la cáscara analiza (separa las varias partes de un comando en piezas usables) y después ejecuta el comando. Porque las cáscaras se utilizan para lanzar los comandos (programas), se refieren a menudo como la línea interfaz (CLI) de comando.

Las cáscaras proporcionan la plataforma a los programas del lanzamiento y un ambiente de programación de gran alcance. Any program that you interactively launch from a shell, you can also launch from a script — you create scripts to automate commands that you would normally manually type at the command line. Shells provide many of the functions you find in programming languages. You...

Everything that you use or save on a computer is stored as a file on disk drives of some sort. Programs are stored as files. Other types of information, such as word processing files, spreadsheets, and photographs, are stored as files, too. In fact, Linux organizes every resource (except network connections) as a file. All of these resources together are considered a file system.

Linux interacts with all devices as if they are files. For instance, your hard drive is viewed as the file /dev/hda or /dev/hdb. Each file is actually the IDE interface of the first and second hard drive, respectively.

Directory rules

Files are stored inside directories. Directories are actually files themselves whose sole purpose is to allow files to be logically organized.

Linux directories are like Windows folders.

There's no requirement that any particular files have to be located in any particular directories. However, all Linux computers adhere to conventions that provide these general organization rules:

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The word Linux has different meanings, depending on the context in which it's referred to:

Linux kernel: Linux is the operating system that controls everything you do on your Ubuntu computer; this is technically the Linux kernel. The Linux kernel controls who can use resources like memory, disk space, and time allocated on the central processing unit (CPU).

Linus Torvalds started writing the Linux kernel in 1991 because he wasn't satisfied with any of the operating systems he had access to. Early on, he released his work to the nascent Internet and immediately hit a nerve. The power of communication and the need for such an operating system resulted in many talented people helping to make the project a success. Linus also licensed his work under the GNU General Public License (GPL), which allowed people to use, modify, and distribute his work as long as they allowed others to do the same. Using the Internet and GPL, Linux quickly exploded into worldwide use and today is second only to Microsoft Windows in use.

Linux

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Ubuntu is a Linux distribution. Linux distributions take the Linux kernel (the kernel is the software that orchestrates the interaction of programs and applications with computer hardware) and add an installation system, administration software, productivity applications, and other parts to make it possible for people to use their computers. Putting the parts together creates a sum that is greater than the pieces themselves.

I often use the word Linux as shorthand for Linux distribution. Depending on the context, Linux can mean just the software system that allocates resources on a computer; the Linux kernel is a computer operating system that humans use to interface with the bits and bytes that computers understand. But more frequently, Linux means the sum total of parts that we interact with. I also use the term Ubuntu to refer to Ubuntu Linux, which is the Linux distribution created by the Ubuntu organization.

Beyond the bits and pieces that make up your average Linux distribution, Ubuntu Linux is dedicated to the following principles and capabilities:

Free and open source: Every application, utility, and

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